Development of weight and shape concerns in the aetiology of eating disorders

Abstract

Background: Although weight and shape concerns are considered to be integral to the psychopathology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa, uncertainties remain about developmental aspects of the aetiology of these concerns and their relationship to eating disorders.

Aims: To review the recent literature on weight and shape concern, with particular emphasis on aetiology, to identify a possible developmental pathway from weight concern through abnormal eating behaviour to disorder.

Method: Literature review of Medline and Psychlit databases using the keywords 'eating disorder', 'weight concern', 'shape concern' and 'aetiology'. Inclusion criteria were based on the strength of quantitative research findings, originality of ideas and recent publication.

Results: Weight and shape concerns follow a developmental pathway arising before the typical age for the development of eating disorders. The origins are multifactorial, with biological, family and sociocultural features predominating.

Conclusions: Although weight and shape concern seems commonly to underlie the development of eating disorders, an alternative pathway appears to exist through impulsivity and fear of loss of control. Prevention strategies may usefully focus on the attitudes and concerns that lead to dieting behaviour.