Gd-DTPA bolus tracking in the myocardium using T1 fast acquisition relaxation mapping (T1 FARM)

Abstract

MRI methods currently used for bolus tracking in the myocardium, such as saturation recovery turbo-fast low-angle shot (FLASH) (srTFL), are limited by signal intensity (SI) saturation at high contrast agent (CA) concentrations. By using T1 fast acquisition relaxation mapping (T1 FARM), a Gd-DTPA bolus (0.075 vs. 0.025 mmol/kg) may be injected without causing saturation. This study tested the feasibility of in vivo T1 FARM bolus tracking under rest/stress conditions in seven beagles with multiple permanently occluded branches of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Although it underestimated the myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) measured ex vivo using radioactive microspheres (mean +/- SEM; 3.60 +/- 0.26), the MPR determined upon application of the modified Kety model (1.86 +/- 0.10) enabled distinction between normal and infarcted tissue. The partition coefficient (lambda) estimated at rest and stress using the modified Kety model underestimated ex vivo radioactive measurements in infarcted tissue (0.25 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.08 ml/g, P < 0.0001) yet was accurate in normal tissue (0.28 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.01 ml/g, P = NS). Thus, although unsuitable for myocardial viability assessment, T1 FARM bolus tracking shows potential for assessment of myocardial perfusion.