Pooled umbilical cord blood as a possible universal donor for marrow reconstitution and use in nuclear accidents

Abstract

Human umbilical cord blood has been shown to be an effective source of stem cells for marrow reconstitution in pediatric patients. Unfortunately, the quantity of stem cells obtained from an individual donor can be quite limited in both the total volume and the numbers of stem cells per ml of cord blood. HLA matching further limits the availability, but recent publications indicate close matching may be unnecessary. Therefore, if cord blood from different donors can be combined, larger numbers of stem cells can be available for clinical use provided pooling does not produce a negative effect. Storage of single cord blood specimens at 4 degrees C for 10-21 days in gas permeable bags produced an apparent increase in the percentage of immature cells (CD34, CD117, GPA) and mitotic activity (S+G2/M cells) over day 1. With similar storage of pooled specimens there was a further increase in the number of immature colonies cultured, CD34, CD117, GPA, S+G2/M cells. In addition, nucleated red blood cells increased over the mean values obtained from single cord blood samples. Our previous studies have indicated that large numbers of human mononuclear cells are necessary to reconstitute an irradiated animal model. By combining multiple samples of human cord blood, adequate numbers of stem cells could be pooled for use in adults and would provide cells for megadose therapy, including those patients that had accidentally received lethal irradiation.