Enzymatic modification of high-laurate canola to produce margarine fat

Abstract

Stearic acid was enzymatically transesterified with high-laurate canola using a nonspecific lipase from Candida antarctica to produce structured lipids (SL) suitable for margarine application. Stearic acid levels ranged from 10 to 40 wt % of high-laurate canola oil. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to evaluate melting characteristics of the transesterified products. A stearic acid level of 30% was found to best match the melting characteristics of fat extracted from commercially available stick margarine. This SL was used to prepare nonrefrigerated and refrigerated margarine samples. Refrigerated margarine was prepared using 60% SL and 40% canola oil, whereas 100% SL was used for the nonrefrigerated margarine. Slip melting point, solid fat content, and hardness index were determined for all samples. Application of a dynamic temperature step using a dynamic stress rheometer showed complete breakdown of the commercial stick margarine and the experimental refrigerated margarine at approximately 30 degrees C and complete breakdown of the nonrefrigerated margarine at approximately 35 degrees C. Addition of canola oil to the SL improved spreadability at refrigeration temperatures and reduced the hardening effect of lauric acid in the SL. The nonrefrigerated margarine was spreadable at room temperature and exhibited no oil exudation or phase separation.