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. 2001 Oct;39(10):3512-9.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3512-3519.2001.

Characterization of newly emerging Newcastle disease virus isolates from the People's Republic of China and Taiwan

L Yu  1 , Z Wang, Y Jiang, L Chang, J Kwang
Affiliations

Characterization of newly emerging Newcastle disease virus isolates from the People's Republic of China and Taiwan

L Yu et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Oct.

Abstract

Seven Newcastle disease (ND) virus (NDV) isolates which were recovered from ND outbreaks in chicken and pigeon flocks in China and Taiwan between 1996 and 2000 were genotypically and pathotypically characterized. By phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein genes, isolates Ch-A7/96, Ch/98-3, Ch/99, Ch/2000, and TW/2000 were placed into two novel subgenotypes, VIIc and VIId. Isolate Ch/98-1 was grouped into subgenotype VIb, while Ch-W6/96 was proven to be a mixture of isolates Ch-A7/96 and Ch/98-1. These isolates were pathotyped as viscerotropic velogenic for Ch/98-3, Ch/99, Ch/2000, and TW/2000; neurotropic velogenic for Ch-A7/96; and mesogenic for Ch/98-1. Three separate, comparative, genetic analyses of the F genes, including genetic distance measurement, phylogenetic tree analysis, and residue substitution analysis, were performed with our isolates and selected NDV strains from GenBank. Results showed that the close genetic similarity provided evidence for the epidemiological linkage between the outbreaks in China and Taiwan and that the 1990s outbreaks in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe constituted the fourth panzootic of ND. In combination with epidemiological analysis, an evolutionary model of the NDV strains, representative of the direction of transmission within the NDV strains, was proposed, and epidemiology of NDV transmission was evaluated with emphasis on molecular aspects. Finally, a cross-protective experiment indicated that at least one strain (Ch-A7/96) among our NDV isolates was an antigenic variant, responsible for recent outbreaks of ND in vaccinated chicken flocks.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Phylogenetic tree of NDV strains based on nucleotide sequences from a portion (nt 47 to 420) of the F gene. Strains and their accession numbers are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Accession numbers of NDV strains in subgenotypes VIIa (except Taiwanese strains), VIa, and VId are given in reference ; those of NDV strains ZA-5/68, ZA-20/93, ZA-34/94, MZ-44/95, BG-30/95, TR-2/96, and SG-4H/65 are given in reference . The strains characterized here are boxed. A. E., Arab Emirates.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Phylogenetic trees of the nucleotide sequences of NDV strains from nt 329 to 582 (tree A) and 47 to 1708 (tree B) of the F gene. Zimbabwe/90 and strains from genotype V are listed in tree A. See details in references and . Other strains and their accession numbers are listed in Tables 1 and 2. The boxed strain CA 1085/71 was selected from genotype V (Fig. 1) for analyses of tree A to determine the phylogenetic positions of the U.S. isolates.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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