[Arterial hypertension management in general practice in France according to global risk factors]

Abstract

Objective: The absolute benefit of antihypertensive medications increases with the level of cardiovascular risk. Moreover in high risk groups, it has been demonstrated that tight blood pressure (BP) control conferred a substantial reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events compared to less tight BP control. Taking into accounts these data, the WHO guidelines recommend to achieve normal BP in high risk subjects. The aim of the study was to assess BP control in a large population of hypertensives (HT) after stratification by cardiovascular risk.

Methods: 15,514 HT defined as office BP > or = 140/90 or the presence of antihypertensive treatment were recruited in France by 3,152 general practitioners. Cardiovascular risk factors and office BP were recorded. Controlled hypertension was defined as a BP < 140/90 mmHg. In patients free of cardiovascular disease, 10-year cardiovascular risks were calculated on the basis of the equations derived from the Framingham Study.

Results: 10-year risks were available in 13,560 HT. Those in the highest quartile had greater body mass index (BMI) and the highest concentration of diabetics and current smokers (upper quartile versus lower quartile: BMI: 28.15 vs 26.51 kg/m2; diabetics: 45% vs 3%; current smoking 32% vs 12%; p < .001). [table: see text] Increasing quartiles of risk were associated with the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and at a lesser extent with the use of combination therapy. Subjects in the upper quartile had more frequent calcium-blockers, ACE inhibitors and diuretics use and a less frequent betablocker use.

Conclusion: In general practice, 85% of hypertensives at highest risk are uncontrolled whereas half of them are under monotherapy. An antihypertensive strategy based on global risk may improve BP control in high risk patients.