Evolution of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy treated from the outset with sodium valproate

Abstract

Sodium valproate (VPA) is considered the first choice drug in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). We have analysed the long-term evolution of 22 patients treated from the outset with VPA. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) unequivocal diagnosis of JME; (2) treatment should be initiated with VPA monotherapy; and (3) follow-up for more than 5 years. Twenty-two patients (15 females, seven males) were studied and their EEG recordings were analysed. Their mean age was 28 years (range: 20-40 years) and their mean follow-up was 7.7 years (range: 5-17 years). Four of them suffered persistent seizures despite optimal VPA dosage and needed the addition of a second drug (lamotrigine in three cases, clobazam in one case). All of our patients who continued their treatment are seizure-free. VPA effectively controlled all seizures in 80% of patients. The discontinuation of drug therapy lead to a very high rate of relapses. With accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy, seizures in JME can be effectively controlled. VPA is a very effective antiepileptic drug in controlling the seizures of JME, but many patients relapse after VPA discontinuation. Thus, JME may require lifelong therapy.