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Review
. 2001 Nov 10;323(7321):1115-7.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1115.

ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage

H J Dallal, K R Palmer
Review

ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage

H J Dallal et al. BMJ. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Endoscopic stigmata associated with high risk of further gastrointestinal bleeding. Top left: an active, spurting haemorrhage from a peptic ulcer is associated with an 80% risk of continuing bleeding or rebleeding in shocked patients. Top right: a non-bleeding, visible vessel represents either a pseudoaneurysm of an eroded artery or a closely adherent clot, and 50% of such patients rebleed in hospital. Left: large varices with red spots are also strongly associated with bleeding
Figure
Figure
Endoscopic stigmata associated with high risk of further gastrointestinal bleeding. Top left: an active, spurting haemorrhage from a peptic ulcer is associated with an 80% risk of continuing bleeding or rebleeding in shocked patients. Top right: a non-bleeding, visible vessel represents either a pseudoaneurysm of an eroded artery or a closely adherent clot, and 50% of such patients rebleed in hospital. Left: large varices with red spots are also strongly associated with bleeding
Figure
Figure
Endoscopic stigmata associated with high risk of further gastrointestinal bleeding. Top left: an active, spurting haemorrhage from a peptic ulcer is associated with an 80% risk of continuing bleeding or rebleeding in shocked patients. Top right: a non-bleeding, visible vessel represents either a pseudoaneurysm of an eroded artery or a closely adherent clot, and 50% of such patients rebleed in hospital. Left: large varices with red spots are also strongly associated with bleeding
Figure
Figure
Causes of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Figure
Figure
Gross ascites and distended abdominal veins in advanced cirrhosis
Figure
Figure
Algorithm for diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (SRH=stigmata of recent haemorrhage, TIPPS=transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)
Figure
Figure
Minnesota tube
Figure
Figure
Endoscopic treatment of varices. Intravariceal injection of sclerosant (left) and band ligation of oesophageal varices (right)
Figure
Figure
Endoscopic treatment of varices. Intravariceal injection of sclerosant (left) and band ligation of oesophageal varices (right)
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