Pulmonary manifestations of Hodgkin's disease: radiographic and CT findings

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the radiological and CT findings in patients with pulmonary Hodgkin's disease and to analyse to what extent CT provides more diagnostic information. In 37 patients with 41 episodes of pulmonary manifestation of Hodgkin's disease (histological diagnosis: 11, clinical diagnosis: 30) 39 radiographs and 33 CT scans were analysed by two readers in consensus. Pulmonary nodules were recorded in 77% of radiographs (CXR) and 88% of CT scans. Nodules were multiple in 67% (CXR) and 86% (CT) and bilateral in 43% (CXR) and 66% (CT) of cases, respectively. Nodule size ranged from 2 to 100 mm. Of the nodules, 83% at radiography and CT, respectively, were < or =30 mm, and again 83% at radiography and CT, respectively, were irregularly marginated. Diffuse infiltration with and without nodules was less common. With pulmonary manifestations at initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease there was always hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Of 20 episodes, in which radiograph and CT had been obtained within 8 days, CT demonstrated pulmonary involvement when chest radiography was normal in 3 cases and demonstrated more lesions in 12 cases. The typical appearance of pulmonary HD consisted of multiple, irregularly marginated pulmonary nodules. Diffuse infiltration was less common. Computed tomography was superior to radiography not only in characterization of lesions but could also demonstrate pulmonary involvement when the radiograph was normal and should, therefore, be used liberally in addition to radiography.