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. 2001 Dec 1;28(4):380-4.
doi: 10.1097/00126334-200112010-00012.

Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus among male-to-female transgendered persons in San Francisco

T A Kellogg  1 , K Clements-Nolle, J Dilley, M H Katz, W McFarland
Affiliations

Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus among male-to-female transgendered persons in San Francisco

T A Kellogg et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. .

Abstract

Objective: To estimate HIV incidence among male-to-female transgendered persons (MtF transgendered persons) who repeatedly tested for HIV antibodies at public San Francisco counseling and testing sites between July 1997 and June 2000.

Methods: HIV seroconversions were identified and person-time of observation were estimated using the date and result of the current test and the self-reported date and result of the previous test. Factors independently associated with HIV seroconversion were determined using multivariable proportional hazard analysis.

Results: HIV incidence was 7.8 per 100 person-years (95% confidence intervals [CI], 4.6-12.3) based on 13 seroconversions among 155 repeat testers with 167.7 person-years of observation. African-American race/ethnicity (adjusted relative hazard ratio [HR], 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5-16.2) and unprotected receptive anal intercourse (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2-13.1) were independent predictors of HIV seroconversion.

Conclusions: HIV is currently spreading at an extremely high rate among MtF transgendered persons in San Francisco, especially those who are African Americans.

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