ECT in mental retardation: a review

Abstract

The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with mental retardation and a psychiatric disorder seems to be infrequent, and controlled studies are not available. We reviewed the literature on the use of ECT in mental retardation, using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. References were checked and ECT experts consulted. The reported case studies were examined on patients' characteristics and illness, treatment, and outcome variables. Forty-four patients, mostly with a diagnosis of psychotic depression, were found. In 84% (n = 37) of them, ECT was effective and without important side effects. However, relapse occurred frequently, in 48% (n = 21) of the patients. In 16% (n = 7), side effects and/or no improvement were noted. The reported case studies suggest that ECT may be of value in treating severe psychiatric disorders in mentally retarded patients, with similar indications as in general psychiatry. However, the lack of strong scientific evidence, besides complicated psychiatric assessment as well as ethical and legal issues, probably cause an unnecessarily limited use of ECT in these patients. Further controlled trails are needed to firmly establish the efficacy and safety of ECT in mental retardation.