Modeling pulmonary and CNS O(2) toxicity and estimation of parameters for humans

Abstract

The power expression for cumulative oxygen toxicity and the exponential recovery were successfully applied to various features of oxygen toxicity. From the basic equation, we derived expressions for a protocol in which PO(2) changes with time. The parameters of the power equation were solved by using nonlinear regression for the reduction in vital capacity (DeltaVC) in humans: %DeltaVC = 0.0082 x t(2)(PO(2)/101.3)(4.57), where t is the time in hours and PO(2) is expressed in kPa. The recovery of lung volume is DeltaVC(t) = DeltaVC(e) x e(-(-0.42 + 0.00379PO(2))t), where DeltaVC(t) is the value at time t of the recovery, DeltaVC(e) is the value at the end of the hyperoxic exposure, and PO(2) is the prerecovery oxygen pressure. Data from different experiments on central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity in humans in the hyperbaric chamber (n = 661) were analyzed along with data from actual closed-circuit oxygen diving (n = 2,039) by using a maximum likelihood method. The parameters of the model were solved for the combined data, yielding the power equation for active diving: K = t(2) (PO(2)/101.3)(6.8), where t is in minutes. It is suggested that the risk of CNS oxygen toxicity in diving can be derived from the calculated parameter of the normal distribution: Z = [ln(t) - 9.63 +3.38 x ln(PO(2)/101.3)]/2.02. The recovery time constant for CNS oxygen toxicity was calculated from the value obtained for the rat, taking into account the effect of body mass, and yielded the recovery equation: K(t) = K(e) x e(-0.079t), where K(t) and K(e) are the values of K at time t of the recovery process and at the end of the hyperbaric oxygen exposure, respectively, and t is in minutes.