A Myc-associated zinc finger protein-related factor binding site is required for the deregulation of c-myc expression by the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancers in Burkitt's lymphoma

Abstract

The deregulation of expression of the c-myc gene in Burkitt's lymphoma results from the translocation that links one c-myc allele to one of the immunoglobulin genes. This physical linkage promotes interactions between c-myc and immunoglobulin gene regulatory elements that affect c-myc transcription initiation and elongation. We have located a region in the c-myc promoter that is required for the complete activation by the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer. This regulatory element contains a core sequence, GGGAGG, similar to the GA box recognized by the transcription factor Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ). UV cross-link analysis indicated that the mass of this protein did not correspond to that of MAZ, suggesting that a protein related to but distinct from MAZ bound to this site. Mutation of this regulatory element resulted in a loss of promoter activity induced by the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer. This site was also required for the c-myc promoter shift from P2 to P1. In vivo footprinting revealed that this site was occupied on the translocated c-myc allele but not on the untranslocated allele. Taken together, these findings suggest that this regulatory element is required for the full activation of c-myc promoter activity by the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer.