[The effect of smoking cessation counseling at health checkup]

Abstract

Smoking cessation counseling is an important element of tobacco control in the workplace, but it is not easy to persuade workers to stop smoking. We performed a controlled intervention trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a new cessation program developed by Nakamura et al., which consisted of one brief individual counseling session and 4 follow-up telephone calls. Two hundred and twenty-eight smokers who visited our center for an annual health checkup were randomly divided into two group: 117 were assigned to the intervention group, and 111 were controls. Smoking status questionnaires were administered to assess the smoking habit of each subject and to evaluate their stages of change toward smoking cessation before the counseling session. Stage-matched cessation counseling was then provided to the intervention group by nurses who had completed training courses for this program. During the counseling session, carbon monoxide in expired air and nicotine metabolites in urine were measured to enhance self-perception of smoking. Only those clients who set a quit date during their counseling sessions received follow-up telephone calls. It was easy to implement this program (15 to 20 minutes long) during a health checkup. No significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. The cross-sectional smoking cessation rates at 6 months and 1 year of follow-up were 6.2 times higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The continuous smoking cessation rate at 1 year of follow-up was 7.6 times higher in the intervention group than in the control group. In the intervention group, the lower level of nicotine metabolites in urine and higher smoking stage were related to cessation success, but other baseline characteristics were similar in those who quit smoking and those who did not. The effectiveness and easy applicability of this cessation program was proved in the present study. Further examinations in various settings are expected to clarify the effectiveness of this program.