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Review
. 2002 Jan 22;12(2):R62-4.
doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00675-3.

Chloroplast evolution: secondary symbiogenesis and multiple losses

T Cavalier-Smith  1
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Chloroplast evolution: secondary symbiogenesis and multiple losses

T Cavalier-Smith. Curr Biol. .
Free article

Abstract

Chloroplasts originated from cyanobacteria only once, but have been laterally transferred to other lineages by symbiogenetic cell mergers. Such secondary symbiogenesis is rarer and chloroplast losses commoner than often assumed.

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