[Ultrasonic instrumentation versus hand instrumentation in periodontics. A review of the literature]

Abstract

The working mechanism and the correct use of ultrasonic devices is discussed. Comparative efficiency of ultrasonic and hand instrumentation is evaluated for the removal of subgingival plaque and calculus, for the effect on root surfaces and for the ability in removing endotoxins. Possible side effects of the ultrasonic vibrations on the tooth structures and periodontal tissues, the incidence of bacteremias and the spreading of oral infections via aerosols are stated. Particular attention is given to the clinical results of both instrumentation technics and the necessity of root planing. One can conclude, that ultrasonics present an alternative and/or a supply for hand instruments, provided that a selective and careful use is taken into account.