Development of dominant bile duct stenoses in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid: outcome after endoscopic treatment

Abstract

Background/aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by progressive fibrotic inflammation and obliteration of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts.

Methods: In a prospective study of 106 patients treated for up to 13 years with ursodeoxycholic acid, the development of major bile duct stenoses and the efficacy of endoscopic measures have been evaluated.

Results: Of 106 patients ten had major duct stenoses at entry, and during a median follow-up period of 5.0 years another 43 developed a dominant stenosis. Fifty-two patients with dominant stenoses were treated endoscopically by repeated balloon dilatations and five patients were temporarily stented. Complications of endoscopic procedures were pancreatitis (5.2%), bacterial cholangitis (3.3%) and bile duct perforation (0.5%). Five years after the first dilatation of a dominant stenosis the Kaplan-Meier survival rates free of liver transplantation were 100% in stage 2, 72% in stage 3 and 50% in stage 4 disease. The actuarial survival free of liver transplantation of the whole group at 3, 5 and 7 years were 0.987, 0.935 and 0.891 and the corresponding survival rates predicted with the Mayo multicenter survival model were 0.860, 0.775 and 0.737 (P<0.001).

Conclusions: In advanced disease, occlusion of major bile ducts with time occurs in the majority of patients. Endoscopic opening of dominant stenoses is effective and appears to be a valuable addition to the medical treatment of such patients.