Evaluation of quadriceps strength and voluntary activation after unicompartmental arthroplasty for medial osteoarthritis of the knee

Abstract

Introduction: In early and moderate stages of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, arthrogenous muscle inhibition (AMI) is an important factor for the initiation and the progression of the disease. Although AMI has been shown to be reduced after physiotherapeutical exercises resulting in significant improvements in disability, implantation of unicondylar knee arthroplasties is much provided in these stages of OA. Therefore, in the present study we investigate changes in quadriceps muscle after implantation of such prostheses as compared to physiotherapeutical treatment, alone.

Methods: In eighteen patients with bilateral moderate knee OA, who were treated with unicondylar knee arthroplasty we investigated voluntary activation (VA) and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris muscle. There were 7 males and 11 females, the mean age at time of operation was 67 years (range 58-76 years). Measurements on both sides were performed preoperatively and 18 months postoperatively using the twitch-interpolation technique.

Results: Follow-up assessment revealed a significant VA and MVC increase in both the surgically treated knees and in the contralateral knees treated by physiotherapy alone. However, VA and MVC improvements were significantly higher in the operated on knees than in those treated by physiotherapy alone.

Discussion: Both physiotherapeutical exercise and unicondylar knee replacements lead to an improvement of quadriceps motor function in knee OA. The greater improvement in knees with both knee replacement and physiotherapy might be related to the intraoperative removal of arthritic tissue in these knees.