Nutrition and oral health

Abstract

Reduced chewing function in community-dwelling older people with adequate general health is linked to having fewer than 20 teeth present or to wearing removable dentures. By chewing for longer periods of time or swallowing larger food particles they are normally able to compensate for the impaired function. The masticatory function can be restored by adequate prosthetic therapy, which results in increased activity of the masticatory muscles during chewing and reduces the chewing time and the number of chewing strokes until swallowing. In frail or dependent elderly people undernutrition is prevalent because of health problems, reduced appetite and poor quality of life. Poor oral health and xerostomia are often associated with a reduced body mass index and serum albumin level and the avoidance of difficult-to-chew foods. Maintenance or re-establishment of masticatory function is an integral part of the medical health care of these patients, with the aim of improving their nutritional status and quality of life.