[Etiology of non-melanoma skin cancer]

Abstract

Background: Most countries are experiencing an increased incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma).

Material and methods: Based on relevant literature found by search in the PubMed database, an overview of the present knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer is given.

Results: DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of non-melanoma skin cancer. Failure to repair these genetic alterations leads to unrestrained growth and ultimately tumour formation. In addition, ultraviolet radiation induces a relative immunosuppression in the skin that prevents cutaneous tumour rejection. UV-specific mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene probably play an important role through both tumour initiation and cell selection.

Interpretation: Physicians should advise their patients to avoid unnecessary sun exposure and to use sun protection, including sun screen creams.