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Review
. 2002 Feb;127(2):193-8.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01792.x.

Unlocking the immunological mechanisms of orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease

M Ludgate  1 , G Baker
Affiliations
Review

Unlocking the immunological mechanisms of orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease

M Ludgate et al. Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Feb.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Summary of the steps involved in the initiation of TED. (1) T cells recognize TSHR on orbital fibroblasts. (2) Activated mast cells aid fibroblast activation, stimulate a Th2 response and (3) stimulate TSAB production. (4) Fibroblast activation results in the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules with the preadipocyte fraction undergoing differentiation and increasing TSHR expression that heightens TSH/TSAB sensitivity. The resultant inflammation and adipogenesis produce the clinical manifestations of TED.
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