[Missed diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage]

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this work was to search for the reasons why the diagnosis of post-partum hemorrhage may be missed.

Patients and methods: We reviewed retrospectively the files 5,517 vaginal delivery patients cared for in our Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit at the Rouen University Hospital between January 1, 1997 and September 30, 1999. Among these patients, 90 (1.63%) developed anemia during the post-partum period with a 10-point fall in the hematocrit from the pre-delivery level, which corresponds to a 1 liter loss of blood, but for whom no diagnosis of hemorrhage was made. We compared this group with the population of patients who had had a diagnosis of hemorrhage. The chi-squared or Fischer's exact text were used where appropriate to compare means and calculate z.

Results: Significant risk factors were: primiparity, anemia before delivery, labor induction, locorregional anesthesia, use of ocytocin, long labor with a long active phase, fever during labor, episiotomy and prolonged delay between delivery and onset of suture.

Conclusions: Missed diagnosis appeared to be related to use of visual assessment to determine the degree of bleeding, a very mediocre indicator, particularly when no means of blood collection or quantification is used. In addition, factors having an impact on the development of hemorrhage should be revisited with particular attention given to primiparous patients.