Prevention of birth defects: folic acid

Abstract

Neural tube defects (NTDs) comprise an important category contributing to infant mortality. While some NTDs may be due to identifiable inherited or specific environmental factors, most are multifactorial, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to their occurrence. Folic acid has been found to have a protective effect against the recurrence and occurrence of NTDs. In addition to natural dietary sources, in the United States, all enriched grain products now are fortified with folic acid. In addition, all women who could become pregnant are recommended to consume 0.4 mg of folic acid daily. Despite these measures, not all women of childbearing age have added sufficient folic acid to their diets or take a vitamin supplement. Challenges remain regarding educating women of childbearing age about the potential health benefits of adequate folic acid consumption.