Acute and subchronic influences of tetrahydrocannabinols on water and food intake, body weight, and temperature in rats

Abstract

Experiment 1. The acute effects of delta9-THC (1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 mg/kg) and delta8-THC (1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 mg/kg) was an approximately equipotent, dose related depression of water intake in water-deprived rats. Animals given hashish, inhaled as smoke, showed a depression of water consumption comparable to rats given the highest dose of either of the synthetic THCs. Water intake after chevril smoke was similar to that seen after vehicle injections. Experiment 2. A dose related depression of water-and-food intake, and reduction of body weight with a gradual recovery was found in rats, maintained on a Limited Time of drinking schedule (LT, 2 hr) and subchronically (21 days) treated with delta9-THC (1.25, 2.50, or 5.00 mg/kg). From the 22nd day all animals were given the vehicle only for 10 days. There were no indications of withdrawal effects due to the drug termination. Reinstating the drug after the 10 day drug free period suggested an increased sensitivity to THC as compared to the 21st injection. Experiment 3. In non-deprived rats delta9-THC caused similar effect as in Exp. 2, although to less extent. From both experiments it is concluded that there is an inhibition or even loss of body weight and that food intake seems more severely depressed than water intake. The temperature recordings suggest that the predominant consequence of lower, behaviorally, effective doses of THC on rectal temperature of rats is hyperthermia rather than hypothermia. Initially this effect was most pronounced for the lowest dose (1.25 mg/kg) but with repeated injections the two higher doses (2.50 and 5.00 mg/kg) showed hyperthermia to the same extent as the lowest dose. Hypothermia was seen after a high dose of delta8-THC (20.00 mg/kg) but after 3 daily injections this effect was gone.