Accuracy of a relocatable stereotactic radiotherapy head frame evaluated by use of a depth helmet

Abstract

In high precision radiotherapy, the more accurately the patient can be relocated, the smaller the clinical to planning target volume margin can be, with reduction in the volume of normal tissue irradiated. The Gill-Thomas-Cosman (GTC) relocatable stereotactic head frame provides immobilization of the patient which is highly reproducible. A depth helmet and measuring probe were used to confirm the accuracy of relocation of 31 patients treated in the GTC frame. The measurements were processed in a spreadsheet developed to calculate the size of the patient's displacement as a vector. Twenty-seven patients received fractionated stereotactically-guided conformal radiotherapy, and 4 single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery, amounting to 564 measurement episodes. The accuracy was extremely good, and considerably more accurate than standard thermoplastic head shells. Ninety-two percent of the displacement vectors were less than 2 mm, and 97% less than 2.5 mm. Considering each dimension separately, the largest mean displacement was 0.4 mm in the superior-inferior direction. Accuracy was constant through a fractionated course for most patients, but prediction based on measurements from the first few fractions was not reliable. Results were dependent on patient selection, with worse reproducibility in patients with neurological deficits, or difficulty cooperating. The depth helmet measurements detected a loosened mouth bite in one patient and allowed repositioning to be verified without the need for the simulator. Total treatment time, including use of the depth helmet to verify treatment position, is quicker (mean 15.7 min) than using portal films. The depth helmet, used in conjunction with the vector displacement spreadsheet, provides a simple way to define the CTV-PTV margin. For fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy we use a 3 mm CTV-PTV margin. This system could assist technology transfer to centres starting stereotactic radiotherapy using the GTC frame.