Prognostic relevance of a scoring system based on clinical and biological parameters in early chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Abstract

Introduction: Among patients with indolent form of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, some of them will progress into more advanced stages. To better define this subpopulation of patients, we attempted to define some parameters capable of predicting a pejorative clinical outcome.

Materials and methods: Eighty-eight previously untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Binet stage A were analysed to study the prognostic value of simple serological variables: soluble CD23 (sCD23), beta2 microglobulin (beta2m), lactate-dehydrogenase activities and albumin level. Results were compared to other conventional clinical and biological parameters by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.

Results: Our data show that: (1) among those studied, sCD23 >50 u/ml was the only serological significant parameter clearly correlated with disease progression and (2) stage A" patients (hemoglobin level between 100 and 120 g/l and/or lymphocytosis >30.10(9)/l), axillary lymph nodes and hypogammaglobulinemia were found to be other variables associated with a pejorative outcome. These four variables enabled the establishment of a scoring system, capable of predicting disease progression since 66% of the patients with a score < or =2 are going to evolve into advanced stages vs 12% with a score <2. Furthermore, the time to progression is shortened when the score is increasing.

Conclusion: Our findings show the prognostic relevance of a scoring system including sCD23 level. This score could be taken into account in the treatment strategy of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.