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. 2002 Mar;8(3):278-82.
doi: 10.3201/eid0803.010192.

A European study on the relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance

Stef L A M Bronzwaer  1 , Otto Cars, Udo Buchholz, Sigvard Mölstad, Wim Goettsch, Irene K Veldhuijzen, Jacob L Kool, Marc J W Sprenger, John E Degener; European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
Affiliations

A European study on the relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance

Stef L A M Bronzwaer et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Mar.

Abstract

In Europe, antimicrobial resistance has been monitored since 1998 by the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). We examined the relationship between penicillin nonsusceptibility of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and antibiotic sales. Information was collected on 1998-99 resistance data for invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin, based on surveillance data from EARSS and on outpatient sales during 1997 for beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides. Our results show that in Europe antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin is correlated with use of beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proportions of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin (PNSP) among 12 European countries, 1998-99.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The logodds of resistance to penicillin among invasive isolates of Streptoccus pneumoniae (PNSP; ln(R/[1-R])) is regressed against outpatient sales of beta-lactam antibiotics in 11 European countries; antimicrobial resistance data are from 1998 to 1999 and antibiotic sales data are from 1997. DDD = defined daily dose; BE = Belgium; DE = Germany; FI = Finland; IE = Ireland; IT = Italy; LU = Luxembourg; NL = the Netherlands; PT = Portugal; ES = Spain; Se = Sweden; UK = United Kingdom.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The logodds of resistance of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin (PNSP; ln(R/(1-R))) is regressed against nonadherence rates to antibiotic therapy in four European countries. Nonadherence rates are from 1993; PNSP data are from 1998-99. UK = United Kingdom; BE = Belgium; IT = Italy; ES = Spain.
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