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. 1988;4(2):126-132.

Convulsive Therapy and the Course of Bipolar Illness, 1940-1949

George Winokur  1 , Arnold Kadrmas
Affiliations
  • PMID: 11940952

Convulsive Therapy and the Course of Bipolar Illness, 1940-1949

George Winokur et al. Convuls Ther. 1988.

Abstract

A total of 93 bipolar patients admitted in the 1940s were divided into those who received convulsive therapy and those who did not. Clinically, the two groups were similar. Those who received convulsive therapy were discharged back home more frequently, indicating the efficacy of the treatment. Those who received convulsive therapy showed more episodes, both manias and depressions, in the course of their illnesses. The reason for this difference in course of illness is not known, but deserves further exploration. The explanation may involve either biological factors or social circumstances related to a successful treatment outcome.

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