Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Clinical Trial
. 2002 Apr;70(2):356-61.
doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.70.2.356.

Patterns of change in depressive symptoms during smoking cessation: who's at risk for relapse?

Ellen S Burgess  1 , Richard A Brown, Christopher W Kahler, Raymond Niaura, David B Abrams, Michael G Goldstein, Ivan W Miller
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Patterns of change in depressive symptoms during smoking cessation: who's at risk for relapse?

Ellen S Burgess et al. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Apr.

Abstract

The authors examined patterns of change in depressive symptoms during smoking cessation treatment in 163 smokers with past major depressive disorder (MDD). Cluster analysis of Beck Depression Inventory (A. T. Beck, C. H. Ward, M. Mendelson, J. Mock, & J. Erbaugh, 1961) scores identified 5 patterns of change. Although 40% of participants belonged to clusters characterized by increasing depressive symptoms during quitting (rapid increasers, n = 31, and delayed increasers, n = 35), almost 47% were in clusters characterized by decreasing symptoms (delayed decreasers, n = 24, and rapid decreasers, n = 52). Both rapid and delayed increasers had especially poor smoking cessation outcomes. Results suggest that among smokers with an MDD history there is substantial heterogeneity in patterns of depressive symptoms during quitting and that patterns involving increased symptoms are associated with low abstinence rates.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Square-root transformed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores by cluster at Sessions 1, 5 (quit day), 7, and 8.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Observed point-prevalence abstinence rates by cluster at post-treatment, 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3. Washington, DC: Author; 1987.
    1. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1961;4:561–571. - PubMed
    1. Breslau N, Kilbey NM, Andreski P. Nicotine dependence, major depression, and anxiety in young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1991;48:1069–1074. - PubMed
    1. Breslau N, Kilbey NM, Andreski P. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms and psychiatric disorder: Findings from an epidemiological study of young adults. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;149:464–469. - PubMed
    1. Brown RA, Kahler CW, Niaura R, Abrams DB, Sales SD, Ramsey SE, et al. Cognitive–behavioral treatment for depression in smoking cessation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2001;69:471–480. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types