[Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinemia--investigation and treatment]

Abstract

Background: Prolactinoma represents the most commonly occurring hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. The majority of prolactinomas are small, only rarely do we find larger prolactinomas, so-called macroadenomas. They are almost exclusively benign. The symptoms are mainly caused by elevated prolactin levels and result in changes to the reproductive and sexual function. In cases of macroprolactinomas, symptoms caused by local mass effects can be seen. A variety of other conditions may also cause hyperprolactinaemia; the goal of the examination is to identify the cause.

Material and methods: We have reviewed recent literature and compared findings with current management of hyperprolactinaemia and prolactinoma in Norwegian university hospitals.

Results and interpretation: The primary treatment is medical, intended to normalize prolactin levels, restore gonadal function, and reduce tumour size. With the new selective dopamine agonists, the treatment is often simple and efficient, but not all patients are in need of treatment.