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Review
. 2002 May 1;22(9):3312-20.
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03312.2002.

Psychomotor stimulant addiction: a neural systems perspective

Barry J Everitt  1 , Marina E Wolf
Affiliations
Review

Psychomotor stimulant addiction: a neural systems perspective

Barry J Everitt et al. J Neurosci. .

Erratum in

  • J Neurosci 2002 Aug 15;22(16):1a
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
A highly schematic representation of limbic cortical–ventral striatopallidal circuitry that tentatively localizes particular functions discussed in the text: (1) sensitization—ventral tegmental area and also the nucleus accumbens, via glutamate-dopamine interactions; (2) processing of discrete and contextual drug-associated conditioned stimuli—basolateral amygdala and hippocampal formation, respectively; (3) goal-directed actions (“action–outcome” associations)—nucleus accumbens; (4) “habits” (stimulus–response learning)—dorsal striatum. Both 3 and 4 involve interactions between cortical afferents and striatal processes modulated by dopamine. (5) “Executive control”—prefrontal cortical areas; (6) subjective processes, such as craving, activate areas such as orbital and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as temporal lobe structures including the amygdala, in functional imaging studies; (7) “behavioral output” is intended to subsume ventral and dorsal striatopallidal outflow via both brainstem structures and reentrant thalamocortical loop circuitry; (8) “spirals” refers to the serial, spiraling interactions between the striatum and midbrain dopamine neurons that are organized in a ventral-to-dorsal progression (Haber et al., 2000); (8) blue arrows indicate glutamatergic pathways; orange arrows indicate GABAergic pathways; red arrowsindicate dopaminergic pathways. The transmitter used by central amygdala neurons is less certain but is probably glutamate and also a neuropeptide(s). BLA, Basolateral amygdala;CeN, central nucleus of the amygdala;VTA, ventral tegmental area; SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta. This diagram is modified from Altman et al. (1996).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

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