Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2002 May;8(5):473-8.
doi: 10.3201/eid0805.010204.

Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance in enterobacteriaceae from bacteremias, England and Wales, 1990-1999

David M Livermore  1 , Dorothy James, Mark Reacher, Catriona Graham, Thomas Nichols, Peter Stephens, Alan P Johnson, Robert C George
Affiliations

Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance in enterobacteriaceae from bacteremias, England and Wales, 1990-1999

David M Livermore et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 May.

Abstract

The Public Health Laboratory Service receives antibiotic susceptibility data for bacteria from bloodstream infections from most hospitals in England and Wales. These data were used to ascertain resistance trends to ciprofloxacin from 1990 through 1999 for the most prevalent gram-negative agents: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Proteus mirabilis. Significant increases in resistance were observed for all four species groups. For E. coli, ciprofloxacin resistance rose from 0.8% in 1990 to 3.7% in 1999 and became widely scattered among reporting hospitals. The prevalence of resistance in Klebsiella spp. rose from 3.5% in 1990, to 9.5% in 1996 and 7.1% in 1999, while that in Enterobacter spp. rose from 2.1% in 1990 to 10.5% in 1996 and 10.9% in 1999. For both Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp., most resistance was localized in a few centers. Resistance was infrequent and scattered in P. mirabilis, but reached a prevalence of 3.3% in 1999.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Resistance trends in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Proteus mirabilis, England and Wales, 1990–1999.**Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fluoroquinolones dispensed by retail (grey) and hospital (black) pharmacies, United Kingdom, 1990–1999.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bauernfeind A, Petermuller C. In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1983;2:111–5. 10.1007/BF02001575 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Smith JT. The mode of action of 4-quinolones and possible mechanisms of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986;18 Suppl D:21-9. - PubMed
    1. Everett MJ, Jin YF, Ricci V, Piddock LJ. Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:2380–6. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Martinez-Martinez L, Pascual A, Jacoby GA. Quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid. Lancet. 1998;351:797–9. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07322-4 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Report of the Working Party on Sensitivity Testing of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. A guide to sensitive testing. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1991;27(Suppl D):1–50. 10.1093/jac/27.1.1 - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms