Xanthomas and hyperlipidemia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected child receivng highly active antiretroviral therapy

Abstract

An 8-year-old perinatally HIV-infected boy developed xanthomas secondary to highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced hyperlipidemia. This is a phenomenon previously not reported in HIV-infected children. The case illustrates the difficulty in managing an emerging complication, extreme hyperlipidemia, in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy because of limited pediatric experience with lipid-lowering agents and the likely need for lifelong treatment.