Fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia soft tissue infection in immunocompromised patients: an outbreak transmitted via tap water

Abstract

Soft tissue infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is uncommon, but nosocomial infections had been reported. We describe herein 2 young female patients, with severe neutropenia, on broad spectrum antimicrobial agents for neutropenic fever, with Hickman-type central venous catheter, who developed mucocutaneous and soft tissue infections with rapidly progressive and devastating course. Cultures from the skin of both patients and from blood of one of them grew S. maltophilia. Both patients died and post mortem examination of the patient with S. maltophilia bacteremia revealed extensive soft tissue necrosis and a vegetation on the mitral valve that grew S. maltophilia. The infection occurred in both patients at the same time and in the same ward. Epidemiological study was done, and surveillance cultures grew the organism from the faucets from the room of 1 patient and also from some of the neighboring rooms in our ward but not from any other ward nor in the water reservoir of the building.