Bed surfaces and pressure sore prevention: an abridged report

Abstract

Purpose: This article summarizes the results of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials testing the effectiveness of special beds, mattresses, and cushions in preventing and treating pressure sores. The review's citation is Cullum, N., Deeks, J., Sheldon, T.A., Song, F., & Fletcher, A.W. (2000). Beds, mattresses and cushions for pressure sore prevention and treatment (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, 4.

Design: An integrative research review.

Sample: 37 studies were included in the analysis.

Methods: A broad search of databases and unpublished studies was conducted. Data were extracted from those that met the inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped in various ways but mainly by type of product evaluated.

Findings: Many special products designed to prevent or treat pressure sores are more effective than standard hospital foam mattresses in preventing and treating pressure sores.

Conclusions: Special pressure-relieving surfaces should be used for patients at risk for skin breakdown.

Implications for nursing practice: Individual practitioners and agencies should have a systematic protocol for assessing patients' risk of skin breakdown and for taking action when patients are determined to be at risk. The findings of this review provide some guidance for choosing particular products, albeit not definitive evidence for matching risk levels to products.