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Review
. 2002;14 Suppl(Suppl):S327-38.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.010446.

Signal transduction between the chloroplast and the nucleus

Marci Surpin  1 , Robert M Larkin, Joanne Chory
Affiliations
Review

Signal transduction between the chloroplast and the nucleus

Marci Surpin et al. Plant Cell. 2002.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The Plastid Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway. Five small arrows represent the five enzymatic steps that are required for the synthesis of protoporphyrinogen from 5-aminolevulinic acid. The reactions catalyzed by HY1/GUN2, HY2/GUN3, and GUN5 are boxed. Reduction of the 4-vinyl group can occur before or after the reaction catalyzed by protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. The synthesis of common precursors and Mg-porphyrins is adapted from Beale (1999), and the synthesis of 3(E)-phytochromobilin from protoporphyrin IX is adapted from Terry et al. (1993).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Model for Plastid-to-Nucleus Signaling. Protogen is synthesized from ALA in the stroma and transported to membranes where it is oxidized by PPO. The model of LAF6 and an integral membrane component (MC) participating in the ATP-dependent transport of Proto into the stroma is adapted from Møller et al. (2001). ChlH is required for Mg-chelation and may participate in plastid-to-nucleus signaling, as described in the text. The ChlI/ChlD/ATP complex may reside in the envelope, but it is shown in the stroma for clarity. Most nuclear genes that encode chloroplast proteins are repressed by Mg-porphyrins. However, Mg-porphyrins activate Chlamydomonas HSP70 genes. Factor X may transport Mg-Proto and Mg-ProtoME across the chloroplast envelope. CE, chloroplast envelope; MgP, Mg-Proto; MgPMe, Mg-ProtoME; NE, nuclear envelope.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Summary of Redox Activities That Control Gene Expression in Higher Plant Cells. The PQ pool exerts control over both chloroplastic and nuclear transcription. ROS, in conjunction with the redox state of the PQ pool, influences the expression of antioxidant defense genes (e.g., APX genes). Cyt, cytochrome; FD, ferredoxin; FNR, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase; PC, plastocyanin; QA and QB, primary and secondary electron-accepting plastoquinones of PSII; TD, thioredoxin.
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References

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