[Prevention and treatment of mucositis from cytotoxic chemotherapy]

Abstract

The administration of several chemotherapeutic regimens could be conditioned by the onset of mucositis. The characteristic lesions of the mucositis affect whole buccal mucosa. That derives from rapid turnover of the oropharyngeal epithelial surfaces. The mucosa can suffer from direct damage of antiblastic drugs or be susceptible of microbic infections. Moreover, other factors correlated to the patients as age, nutritional status, tumor type, oral hygiene and neutrophil count. Up to date, there is not a standard therapy for the cure or mucositis prevention. Some formalities can be employed in order to reduce chemo-induced damage: 1) altering the distribution and the excretion of drugs on the mucosa; 2) stimulating the basal cells of the mucosa; 3) trying to modify the infectious or inflammatory risks. The effective oral care, dietary changes and the use of protective topical and the careful use of topical and systemic anesthetic drugs are the cornerstones of mucositis care.