Transient DNA double-strand breakage in 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide-treated mammalian cells in vitro does not interact with the rejoining of radiation-induced double-strand breaks

Abstract

Background: 4-Hydroxyifosfamide is the primary metabolite in vivo of the bifunctional alkylating cytostatic ifosfamide. DNA interstrand cross-linking induced by bifunctional alkylators may be repaired through an intermediate with unligated repair patches on both strands which should uncover analytically as DNA double-strand breaks and allow to measure the rejoining kinetic of this repair intermediate. Additionally, the combined effects of drug and radiation treatment on rejoining of double-strand breaks was investigated with two different mammalian cell lines.

Material and methods: V79 (rodent fibroblasts) and Widr (human colon carcinoma) cells were treated for 2 hours with 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide which rapidly decays to 4-hydoxyifosfamide in aqueous solution or were exposed in combination with ionizing radiation followed by incubation for repair with or without the drug. DNA double-strand breakage was measured by pulsed-field electrophoresis.

Results: The 2 hours 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide treatment (30 micrograms/ml) resulted in a pronounced DNA fragmentation that, 2-4 hours after drug removal, declined with an estimated half-live of about 4 hours for both cell lines. When the cells were additionally irradiated with 10 Gy given in the middle of drug exposure, the residual fragmentation after 12 or 24 hours incubation for repair was only marginally increased, roughly corresponding to the respective value after radiation, alone. A continuous drug exposure of 6 hours (at 10 micrograms/ml) resulted in a fragmentation that was independent of a preirradiation with a high dose of 30 Gy, immediately before drug addition.

Conclusions: The present data support the idea that unligated/unrejoined double-stranded DNA ends are generated during the repair of lesions from bifunctional alkylators. The rate of subsequent rejoining is in the order of magnitude of the slow rejoining of radiation-induced double-strand breaks. Processing of double-stranded DNA damage from either 4-hydroperoxyifosfamid or radiation exposure is apparently unaffected in combined treatments.