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Review
. 2002 Jul;110(1):9-13.
doi: 10.1172/JCI15999.

Influenza vaccines: present and future

Peter Palese  1 , Adolfo García-Sastre
Affiliations
Review

Influenza vaccines: present and future

Peter Palese et al. J Clin Invest. 2002 Jul.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Epidemiology of human influenza A and B viruses. Three different influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtypes (H1, H2, and H3) and two neuraminidase subtypes (N1 and N2) have been identified in humans over the last century. Although no live 1918 virus (solid square) is available, viral RNAs have been sequenced following RT-PCR from formalin-fixed or frozen tissue samples of 1918 victims (35). Rescue of virus containing reconstructed 1918 genes allows study of virulence characteristics of this long-gone strain (36).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plasmid-only rescue of infectious influenza virus. Twelve plasmids are introduced into mammalian cells: four plasmids lead to expression of the viral proteins required for viral RNA replication (PA, PB1, PB2, and NP), and the eight transcription plasmids express precise copies of the eight viral RNA segments (PA, PB1, PB2, HA, NP, NA, M, and NS). The resulting viral RNAs are replicated and transcribed by the reconstituted influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Recombinant infectious influenza virus is generated 48–72 hours after transfection of cells (17).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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