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. 2002 Aug;76(15):7860-2.
doi: 10.1128/jvi.76.15.7860-7862.2002.

1917 avian influenza virus sequences suggest that the 1918 pandemic virus did not acquire its hemagglutinin directly from birds

Thomas G Fanning  1 , Richard D Slemons, Ann H Reid, Thomas A Janczewski, James Dean, Jeffery K Taubenberger
Affiliations

1917 avian influenza virus sequences suggest that the 1918 pandemic virus did not acquire its hemagglutinin directly from birds

Thomas G Fanning et al. J Virol. 2002 Aug.

Abstract

Wild waterfowl captured between 1915 and 1919 were tested for influenza A virus RNA. One bird, captured in 1917, was infected with a virus of the same hemagglutinin (HA) subtype as that of the 1918 pandemic virus. The 1917 HA is more closely related to that of modern avian viruses than it is to that of the pandemic virus, suggesting (i) that there was little drift in avian sequences over the past 85 years and (ii) that the 1918 pandemic virus did not acquire its HA directly from a bird.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Phylogenetic analysis of a portion (bases 494 to 659 as aligned to the sequence of A/Puerto Rico/8/34) of the influenza A virus HA gene. The bootstrap analysis (500 replications) used neighbor-joining and the proportion of differences as the distance measures (6). The arrows identify A/Brant goose/Alaska/1/1917 (H1N?) (Gs/Alaska1917) and the 1918 pandemic viral sequences (1918SC, 1918NY, and 1918Brevig). Bootstrap values are given for selected nodes, and a distance bar is shown under the tree. Viral strain abbreviations are as described previously (8). Abbreviations: Sw, swine; Dk, duck; Gs, goose; Ty, turkey; Mall, mallard; Ch, chicken.
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