Videoscopic Heller myotomy with intraoperative endoscopy promotes optimal outcomes

Abstract

Background and objectives: Minimally invasive surgical techniques are applicable to achalasia, but the optimum approach to intraoperative assessment of adequacy of myotomy remains unestablished. We set out to show that videoscopic Heller myotomy with concurrent endoscopy ensures adequacy of myotomy while limiting postoperative clinically apparent reflux.

Methods: Seventy-eight consecutive patients with achalasia underwent videoscopic Heller myotomy with concomitant endoscopy between 1992 and 1998. Fundoplication was not routinely undertaken.

Results: Preoperative symptoms consisted of dysphagia (100%), emesis/regurgitation (68%), heartburn (58%), and postprandial chest pain (49%). Following myotomy, significant improvement (P < 0.0001) was seen in dysphagia (43%), postprandial chest pain (13%), and emesis/regurgitation (9%) at a mean follow-up of 33+/-2.2 months. Mean reflux score (scale 0 to 5) improved from 3.7+/-0.3 to 1.5+/-0.2 (P < 0.0001). Improvement in symptoms was reported in 96% of patients. Fundoplication was used in 8 patients as part of hiatus reconstruction (n = 6) or repair of esophageal perforation (n = 2).

Conclusions: Intraoperative endoscopy during videoscopic Heller myotomy guides the extent and adequacy of myotomy. By utilizing a focused dissection with preservation of the natural antireflux mechanisms around the gastroesophageal junction and limiting the extent of myotomy along the cardia, postoperative reflux symptoms are minimized. We advocate concomitant endoscopy during Heller myotomy to guide myotomy and submit that routine fundoplication is clinically unnecessary.