Treatment of osteoporotic fractures

Abstract

Fractures are the most common problem associated with osteoporosis and despite advances in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis the number of fractures continue to increase. Along with the three classic locations hip, spine and wrist, there are several other fractures that commonly are related to osteoporosis. The weak bone makes it difficult to achieve a stable bone-implant construct and general weakness of the patient often prevents reduction of load on the injured extremity during healing. The main treatment goal should be preservation of function even at the expense of restoration of exact anatomy. By development of dynamic load-sharing implants and less invasive techniques the results following fixation of osteoporotic fractures has improved. A new strategy has also been to develop materials that will enhance the strength of the cancellous bone that surrounds the metal implant. By using bioactive cement in conjunction with metal implants improved strength has been shown in internally fixed metaphyseal fractures. Encouraging results have also been reported after cement injection into compressed vertebral fractures, so called vertebroplasty. The specific demands involved in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures calls for specific solutions. Apart from augmentation of the cancellous bone and development of new load-sharing devices, endoprosthetic replacement with specially designed fracture prosthesis has become more frequent.