Ophthalmic disease of fish

Abstract

Ocular disorders in fish are common and can occur as primary or secondary manifestations of systemic disease. Because most fish are sight feeders, visual impairments usually have fatal consequences for the individual fish and can lead to substantial economic losses for the client. This article encourages practitioners to perform a complete ocular examination as part of routine physical examinations in fish by providing a review of the functional anatomy of the teleostean eye, clinical work-up, ocular examination, ocular diseases, and treatment.