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. 2002 Sep;8(9):902-8.
doi: 10.3201/eid0809.020206.

Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in the United States, 1997-2001

Paul A Rota  1 , Stephanie L Liffick, Jennifer S Rota, Russell S Katz, Susan Redd, Mark Papania, William J Bellini
Affiliations

Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in the United States, 1997-2001

Paul A Rota et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep.

Abstract

From 1997 to 2001, sequence data from 55 clinical specimens were obtained from confirmed measles cases in the United States, representing 21 outbreaks and 34 sporadic cases. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of 11 of the recognized genotypes. The most common genotypes detected were genotype D6, usually identified from imported cases from Europe, and genotype D5, associated with importations from Japan. A number of viruses belonging to genotype D4 were imported from India and Pakistan. Overall, viral genotypes were determined for 13 chains of transmission with an unknown source of virus, and seven different genotypes were identified. Therefore, the diversity of Measles virus genotypes observed in the United States from 1997 to 2001 reflected multiple imported sources of virus and indicated that no strain of measles is endemic in the United States.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Genetic relationship between measles viruses isolated in the United States in 1997–2001 and the reference strains established by the World Health Organization (WHO) . Phylogenetic tree was based on the nucleotide sequences coding for the COOH-terminus of the nucleoprotein. Strain abbreviations are given in Table 1. Reference strains as established by WHO are shown in bold and designated by their genotype name. The length of the horizontal scale bar represents one nucleotide change.
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