Adsorption/desorption phenomena on pure and Teflon AF-coated titania surfaces studied by dynamic contact angle analysis

Abstract

As a result of inflammatory processes, plaque formation on dental titanium implants often leads to clinically pathogenic situations. This special biofilm formation on (bio)materials in contact with saliva is initiated by ionic and protein interactions. In this interfacial process, albumin becomes a main constituent of dental pellicle. Interfacial reactions change the surface characteristics. They determine the following steps of macromolecular adsorption and bacterial adhesion. This work focuses on the dynamic contact angle analysis (DCA), which is a tool for online measurements of dynamic changes of wettability without disturbing the interface during detection. Repeatability of the DCA method has been assessed according to the Bland and Altman method. The kinetics and equilibrium data of shifts in the wetting tension hysteresis indicate ionic influences at the titanium/bovine serum albumin (BSA) interface: the Ca-mediated increase of the BSA adsorption on titanium and the adsorption maximum at the isoelectric point (IEP) of BSA. Ti was surface modified by Teflon AF polymeric coatings. The result of the assessment gives reason to consider Teflon AF as a reference material for DCA repeatability studies. This surface modification caused drastic changes in the dynamic interfacial reactions. Shifts in the wetting tensions during DCA adsorption-desorption experiments clearly demonstrated the partially irreversible adsorption of BSA on Teflon AF. In contrast, reversible adsorption behavior was detected on pure Ti surfaces. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the analysis of dynamic changes in wetting tension and wetting tension hysteresis is a sensitive analytical method for the detection of dynamic interfacial changes at biomaterial/biosystem interfaces during the initial steps of biofilm formation.