Regional fat metabolism in human splanchnic and adipose tissues; the effect of exercise

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the role of splanchnic and adipose tissue in the regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism at rest, during 1 h of semi-recumbent cycle exercise at 60 % of maximal power output and 3 h of recovery. In six post-absorptive healthy volunteers catheters were placed in a radial artery, hepatic vein and a subcutaneous vein on the anterior abdominal wall. Whole body, and regional splanchnic and adipose tissue FA metabolism were measured by a constant infusion of the stable isotopes [U-(13)C]palmitate and [(2)H(5)]glycerol and according to Fick's principle. The whole body rate of extracellular FA reesterification was similar at rest and during exercise (approximately 290 micromol min(-1)) and increased during recovery to a plateau of 390 micromol min(-1). FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake by adipose tissue was undetectable, but a constant but small glycerol uptake of approximately 25 nmol (100 g)(-1) min(-1) was observed. From the FA taken up by the splanchnic area, 13 % was oxidized, 5-11 % converted to ketone bodies, and approximately 35 % incorporated in TAG released both at rest and at the third hour of recovery from exercise. Splanchnic FA reesterification could account for 51 % and 58 % of whole body extracellular FA reesterification, of which half was accounted for by TAG released from the splanchnic area, at rest and in recovery, respectively. In conclusion, in the post-absorptive state, adipose tissue contributes very little to extracellular FA reesterification and splanchnic reesterification can account for 50-60 %, implying that FA reesterification in other tissues is important. The extracellular FA reesterification rate does not change with exercise but is higher during recovery. Furthermore, the uptake of glycerol by adipose tissue indicates that adipose tissue can metabolize glycerol.

Figure 1. Acetate recovery during 9 h of rest, and 2 h rest followed by 1 h of exercise and 6 h of recovery

Values are means ± s.e.m. Six subjects were studied using the same protocol as the actual study, but with an extended recovery period of 6 h. Acetate recovery was studied in three subjects during 9 h of rest.

Figure 2. Splanchnic and abdominal adipose tissue blood flow at rest, during exercise and recovery

Values are means ± s.e.m. (n = 6).

Figure 3. Arterial and venous FA and glycerol concentrations and enrichments at rest, during exercise and recovery

Values are means ± s.e.m. (n = 6).

Figure 4. Rate of FA appearance and regional FA exchange at rest, during exercise and recovery

Values are means ± s.e.m. (n = 6).

Figure 5. Rate of glycerol appearance and regional glycerol exchange at rest, during exercise and recovery

Values are means ± s.e.m. (n = 6).

Figure 6. Arterial and venous concentration and net regional exchange of triacylglycerol and 3-OH-butyrate

Values are means ± s.e.m. (n = 6).

Figure 7. Intracellular and extracellular FA reesterification at rest, exercise and recovery

The intracellular FA reesterification rates are presented with a thin dotted line, as their values may be incorrect; see Discussion. Values are means ± s.e.m. (n = 6).