Assembly of in Vitro-Synthesized Large Subunits into Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Is Sensitive to CI-, Requires ATP, and Does Not Proceed When Large Subunits Are Synthesized at Temperatures [greater than or equal to]32[deg]C

Abstract

In higher plants, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) consists of eight large "L" subunits, synthesized in chloroplasts, and eight small "S" subunits, synthesized as precursors in the cytosol. Assembly of these into holoenzyme occurs in the chloroplast stroma after import and processing of the S subunits. A chloroplast chaperonin interacts with the L subunits, which dissociate from the chaperonin before they assemble into holoenzyme. Our laboratory has reported L subunit assembly into Rubisco in chloroplast extracts after protein synthesis in leaves, intact chloroplasts, and most recently in membrane-free chloroplast extracts. We report here that the incorporation of in vitro-synthesized L subunits into holoenzyme depends on the conditions of L subunit synthesis. Rubisco assembly did not occur after L subunit synthesis at 160 mM KCI. When L subunit synthesis occurred at approximately 70 mM KCI, assembly depended on the temperature at which L subunit synthesis took place. These phenomena were the result of postsynthetic events taking place during incubation for protein synthesis. We separated these events from protein synthesis by lowering the temperature during protein synthesis. Lower temperatures supported the synthesis of full-length Rubisco L subunits. The assembly of these completed L subunits into Rubisco required intervening incubation with ATP, before addition of S subunits. ATP treatment mobilized L subunits from a complex with the chloroplast chaperonin 60 oligomer. Addition of 130 mM KCI at the beginning of the intervening incubation with ATP blocked the incorporation of L subunits into Rubisco. The inhibitory effect of high KCI was due to CI- and came after association of newly synthesized L subunits with chaperonin 60, but before S subunit addition. It is interesting that L subunits synthesized at [greater than or equal to]32[deg]C failed to assemble into Rubisco under any conditions. These results agree with previous results obtained in this laboratory using newly synthesized L subunits made in intact chloroplasts. They also show that assembly of in vitro-synthesized L subunits into Rubisco requires ATP, that CI- inhibits Rubisco assembly, and that synthesis temperature affects subsequent assembly competence of L subunits.