Use of synthetic polypeptides in the preparation of biodegradable delivery vehicles for narcotic antagonists

Abstract

Synthetic polypeptides consisting of copolymers of glutamic acid and leucine have been shown to be useful materials for the fabrication of practical, biodegradable delivery vehicles for narcotic antagonists. Model delivery vehicles in film form were prepared from copolymers containing 10 mole percent to 40 mole percent glutamic acid, and loaded with 10% to 40% naltrexone by weight. The naltrexone was found to be released by diffusion, exhibiting diffusion coefficients that varied as a function of the glutamic acid content and the initial naltrexone loading. A wide range in diffusion coefficients were achieved (0.31 x 10(-7) cm2/hr to 120 x 10(-7) cm2/hr), leading to release rates within practical ranges of interest for meeting the program goals. We have demonstrated that the polypeptides can be fabricated into dosage forms that are amenable to administration by trochar. For example, rods 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm in diameter containing as much as 40% naltrexone by weight were extruded using a simple compression mold and die arrangement. An in vitro evaluation of the rods showed that antagonist is released by diffusion at a continuously decreasing rate, a behavior similar to that observed with the film devices that were, nonetheless, capable of blocking an AD80 challenge of morphine sulfate in mice for more than 30 days. One of the most promising delivery vehicles that we have developed to date consists of a polypeptide tube filled with a naltrexone/polypeptide core. Preliminary experiments have shown that these devices may be capable of administering high, constant rates of release for prolonged periods of time. Additional work, however, is required to develop techniques for the preparation of reproducible delivery vehicles.