Benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodules: US-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation--initial experience

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of ultrasonography (US)-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) on the volume of benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodules and any nodule-related symptoms.

Materials and methods: ILP was performed in 16 patients with normal thyroid function and a solid benign thyroid nodule. None of the patients had uptake on a radionuclide scan. Patients underwent one ILP session. A needle was positioned in the thyroid nodule with US guidance, and the laser fiber was placed in the lumen of the needle. Patients were treated for 287-1,200 seconds with an output power of 1-3 W. ILP was performed with continuous US guidance and terminated when the echogenic changes were stationary. Thyroid nodule volume and thyroid function were evaluated before and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. During the same period, 15 untreated patients (control group) were followed up to evaluate the size of the untreated thyroid nodule.

Results: In the 16 patients treated with ILP, the mean thyroid nodule volume decreased from 10 to 5.4 mL (P <.001) after 6 months. The median energy given was 761 J. There was no relationship between the dose of thermal energy given and nodule reduction. Pressure symptoms were significantly reduced (P =.0002) after 6 months. The treatment was well-tolerated in all patients. No significant change in thyroid nodule volume was seen in the control group.

Conclusion: US-guided ILP could become a useful nonsurgical alternative in the treatment of the benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodule in patients who cannot or will not undergo surgery.