Correlation between condylar lift-off and femoral component alignment

Abstract

The current study analyzed subjects having a total knee arthroplasty to determine the incidence of condylar lift-off and correlate lift-off with the alignment of the femoral component with respect to the transepicondylar axis. Twenty-five subjects, implanted with a posterior stabilized total knee prosthesis, were asked to do weightbearing deep knee bends while under fluoroscopic surveillance. The two-dimensional fluoroscopic images were converted into three-dimensional images using a fully automated computer model-fitting technique. Each subject then was assessed for the incidence of condylar lift-off. The five subjects having the maximum amount of lift-off were reanalyzed for comparison using computed tomography. Using digitization, the angle between the posterior femoral condylar line and the transepicondylar axis was measured and correlated with the presence of femoral condylar lift-off. The incidence of condylar lift-off was significantly less for subjects in this study compared with subjects reported in previous fluoroscopic studies. Forty percent (10 of 25) of the subjects experienced condylar lift-off. The maximum amount of lift-off was 2.3 mm and the average for subjects experiencing lift-off was 1.4 mm. There also was a distinct correlation between femoral component alignment and condylar lift-off. Using computed tomography, it was determined that 69.2% of the subjects had a correlation between condylar lift-off and malalignment of the femoral component relative to the epicondylar axis. Placement of the femoral component parallel to the transepicondylar axis seems to lessen the incidence of femoral condylar lift-off and may reduce polyethylene wear by reducing eccentric edge loading.